Russie

Defense issues
Defense issues

The Strategic Use of Climate Vulnerabilities in Contemporary Conflicts: Modalities and Feedback Effects

This note from the Defence and Climate Observatory proposes to move beyond the dominant debates on the climate-conflict nexus focusing on the role of climate change as a direct or indirect factor in conflicts, by concentrating on the interaction between climate issues and conflict dynamics. It analyses case studies of contemporary conflicts to understand how climate vulnerabilities are used as a strategic lever in conflict contexts, within a continuum of instrumentalisation-arsenalisation (I), the environmental damage caused by conflicts, also instrumentalised by the belligerents, and their security and strategic implications (II). Finally, the note proposes three forward-looking scenarios, accompanied by strategic recommendations for the French Ministry of the Armed Forces (III).  

19 November 2025
Defense issues
Defense issues

Solar Geoengineering: Geostrategic and Defence issues

Techniques and their recent developments highlight the prospect of large-scale deployment of solar geoengineering over the coming decades. It therefore seems necessary to explore the security and strategic issues raised by these techniques, which this note sets out to do in four stages: a presentation of the techniques studied and the associated natural and human risks (I); an analysis of the geostrategic and defence issues they raise (II); four hypotheses, and three prospective scenarios narrating the deployment of solar geoengineering techniques by 2050, together with recommendations for the Ministry of Defence (IV).

29 November 2023