South America

Defense issues

Human security issues

Amazonian Tipping Point: Security Implications of Climate Change and Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

This note is part of a series produced by the Defence and Climate Observatory dedicated to the tipping points identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (IPCC, 2018; Collins et al., 2019). Following an initial note on the slowing—even the potential collapse—of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the present note now turns to the Amazon rainforest and its tipping point.

22 January 2026

Human security issues

Geopolitical and security implications of Climate vulnerability in the Carribbean Islands

This brief addresses the current and future consequences of climate changes in the insular Caribbean, as well as their geopolitical and security implications. In this perspective, we focus our analysis on the Caribbean arc, traditionally subdivided into two groups: the Greater Antilles, stretching from Cuba in the northwest to Puerto Rico; and the Lesser Antilles, from the Virgin Islands to the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, which border the Venezuelan coastline further south.

9 November 2022

Research methodologies and tools

Human security issues

Research methodologies and tools

Human security issues

South America

This eleventh study report by the Defence and Climate Observatory presents the elements collected on five South American countries: Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina. It is organised around five country sheets, headed by a regional analysis highlighting vulnerabilities and cross-cutting challenges, as well as commonalities and differences. An appendix is dedicated to the analysis of the Antarctic continent, a continent that constitutes an important geopolitical issue in the region.

8 October 2019